DAMN Bank Bits

The DAMN banks store the results of a set of cuts applied to each event. More details on the DAMN bank mechanics and the DMM processor can be found in the Chapter Data Masks of the User Manual.

Within a DAMN bank each event has a set of bits, each bit indicating whether that event was tagged by the corresponding cut. The convention on the bit setting is that the it follows from the name of the cut. If a cut is called X then an event identified as being of type X will have the X bit set to 1. (e.g. an event identified as having a cluster will have the CLUSTER bit set to 1, otherwise it will be zero). Whilst this often means that "bad" events have bits set to one, this is not always the case (e.g. an event identified as being the initiator of a bunch of retriggers will have the FIRST EVENT bit set to 1, but this does not mean that the event is necessarily "bad", similarly with the MUON FOLLOWER bits). We now use bits in both DAMN bank 0 and DAMN bamk 1. As a reminder damn bank 1 is referenced in DMM as bank -1. Currently the following bits are defined:-


    DAMN Bank 0
    ===========

    BIT         NAME
    ===         ====
      0      RETRIGGER
      1      FIRST EVENT
      2      BURST
      3      CHARGE
      4      CLUSTER
      5      QVT
      6      Q/NHIT
      7      CRATE ISOTROPY
      8      AMB
      9      FTS
     10      OWL
     11      JUNK
     12      RING OF FIRE
     13      NECK
     14      ESUM
     15      HIB
     16      QCLUSTER
     17      MUON
     18      MUON FOLLOWER SHORT
     19      MUON FOLLOWER LONG
     20      IN TIME CHANNEL
     21      FLASHER GEOMETRY
     22      NHIT BURST
     23      OWL TRIGGER
     24      SUBRUN BOUNDRY
     25      ZERO ZERO
     26      MUON FOLLOWER BLINDNESS
     27      MISSED MUON FOLLOWER SHORT    
     28      MISSED MUON FOLLOWER LONG
     29      WILKERSON-ELLIOT BLINDNESS BIT
     30      SHAPER BURST
     31      MUX BURST

    DAMN Bank 1
    ===========

    BIT         NAME
    ===         ====
      0      UPWARD MUON BLINDNESS BIT
      1      REVERSE FORK
      2      FORK
      3      NCD OSCILLATORY NOISE
      4      FLAT TRACE
      5      NARROW PULSE
      6      RUN BOUNDARY
      7      NCD PULSER
      8      SHAPER OVERFLOW
      9      MUON NHIT BURST
     10      NCD MUX-SHAPER CORRELATION
     11      NCD CORRELATION TIME
     12      MULTI NCD
     13      MUON HIT ALL CRATES
     14      THIRD REFLECTION
     15      MULTIPLE LARGE PEAK
     16      NCD POSITIVE SIGNAL
     17      NCD FREQ-DOMAIN FLATNESS CUT
     18      NCD FREQ-DOMAIN FORK CUT
     19      NCD SPIKE AREA CUT
     20      NCD FREQ-DOMAIN SYMMETRY CUT
     21      NCD FREQ-DOMAIN OSCILLATION CUT
     22      NCD NRE PULSE TAG CUT
     23      NCD GENERAL RECORD CUT


RETRIGGER

Any event that is within 5 microseconds of a previous event is marked by this tag. The first event in a set of retriggers is NOT marked, but is designated by the "First Event" tag.

FIRST EVENT

This tag is used for the first event of a retrigger burst (see tag 0).

BURST

If 3 or more events occur within 1 milliseconds they they are all marked by the burst tag. Events that have already been marked by the "Retrigger" tag do not count towards the burst but will be tagged if they occur in the dead time of the burst.

CHARGE

This tags an event if any calibrated channel has any pedestal subtracted charge less than -80 or if any channel that doesn't have a calibration has any charge that falls outside the range 300 to 4000.

CLUSTER

This tags events that have more than 6 hits in a paddle card or more than 200 hits in a crate.

QVT

This tags events where: ( The highest charge tube in QHL is more than 1000 pedestal subtracted counts above the events average QHL charge OR The highest charge tube in QLL is more than 80 pedestal subtracted counts above the events average QLL charge ) AND The high charge tube is between 60 and 250 ns before the median tube time in the event.

Q/NHIT

Using pedestal subtracted charge and a hardwired gain of 32.3 first throw away the 10% of the tubes that have the largest charge and then divide this by 0.9* NHIT. Tag the event if this ratio is below 0.25.

CRATE ISOTROPY

This tags events where more than 70% of the hits occur on one crate and more than 80% of those hits occur on two adjacent cards, including a wrap around to count cards 0 and 15 together.

AMB

This cut using the Analog Measurement Board information to place cuts on events based on the value of the Integral/NHIT distribution of their ESUMHI pulse AND/OR the Peak/NHIT distribution of the ESUMHI pulse. Events are cut if they lie more than 3.7 sigma away from the mean in either the integeral or peak cuts.

FTS

This tags events where the median time difference of hit PMT pairs within 3 m of each other is greater than 6.8 ns. Pairs with large time differences (> 25 ns) are not included in the median and at least 15 pairs satisfying the distance and time difference criteria are required before the event can be tagged.

OWL

This tags events where the number of OWLs + BUTTs is 3 or more.

JUNK

This will remove orphans, ECA data and events containing the same PMT more than once.

RING OF FIRE

Events are tagged where more than 70% of the hits occur on a crate and more than 80% of those occur in a ring around the edge of the crate defined by cards 0-3 or 12-15, or channels 0-7 or 24-31.

NECK

This cuts events containing neck tubes. It requires that either both tubes in the neck fire, or that one of those tubes fires and it has a high charge and is early. High charge is defined by a neck tube having a pedestal subtracted charge greater than 70 or less than -110. Early if defined by the neck tube having an ECA time 70ns or more before the average ECA time of the PSUP PMTS with z les than 0. After the cable changes to the neck tubes this time difference changes to 15ns.

ESUM

Tags an event if the ESUMLO AND ESUMHI trigger bits are set, AND NONE of the following trigger bits are set: (NHIT100LO, NHIT100MED, NHIT100HI,NHIT20, NHIT20LB, OWLN, OWLELO, OWLEHI, PULSE_GT, PRESCALE, MISS).

HIB

This cut will tag events occuring in a time window 0.1s before and 0.6s after a HIB trigger. (Once this system is up and running)

QCLUSTER

This is a merged version of the charge and cluster cuts. It requires that any bad charge, must occur with at least 3 other tubes in a window of 5 tubes. A more aggressive charge cut is used requiring that a tube be 250 counts below pedestal (400 for QHL) or 2000 counts above (300 for QLX).

MUON

This tags muons by requiring that the event have 5 or more owls and occurs more than 5us since the last owl Event. It also requires that the event have 150 hits or more and that the time rms is less than 90ns. Finnaly it requires that the event does not fail the neck tube part of the neck cut.

MUON FOLLOWER SHORT

This tags events all events in time window of 20s following a muon.

MUON FOLLOWER LONG

This tags events all events in time window of 60s following a muon.

IN TIME CHANNEL

This tags events having fewer than 60% of the tubes within 93 ns coincidence ("in-time"). The number of in-time hits is the maximum number in any position of a 93 ns sliding window applied to the PMT time spectrum of the event.

FLASHER GEOMETRY

Clusters are looked for in channel (4 hits in eight channels) and real (4 hits within 1m) space. If the separation between the average position of the cluster and the rest of the tubes is greater than 12m the event is tagged.

NHIT BURST

This looks for 6 events above 40 hits within 4 seconds. Like the burst tag all events within the imposed dead time are cut, but events identified by the retrigger tag do not count towards the 6 events.

OWL TRIGGER

This tags events where the OWLESUMHI trigger fires.

SUBRUN BOUNDRY

This tags all events that occur within 60s of the start of end of every subrun. This is needed as any tag that uses the RAA can potentially miss events at the start and end of subrun. The length of the time window is set to be the same length as the longest used by another cut, currently muon follower long.

ZERO ZERO

This tags all zero-zero events. This are events which have GTIDs that have 0 set for their last eight bits.

MUON FOLLOWER BLINDNESS

For the salt analysis the collaboration has decided to implement a blindness scheme using muon followers. The muon follower cut for salt data has been changed to allow events in a certain time window after the muon to leak through the cuts. These events are tagged by the SALT BLINDNESS bit instead. Anyone carrying out any neutrino analysis with salt data must not test this bit until the decision to open the box has been made by the collaboration. This bit is now open for salt data and can be tested. This scheme is also being used in the NCD phase in the same way as salt. Until the box is opened this bit should not be examined for any NCD data without the express permission of the ACC/ACC++.

MISSED MUON FOLLOWER SHORT

This cut is desinged to remove neutron followers from missed muons, atmospheric neutrinos and other processes that create neutrons with visable precursors. The cut removes any event that occurs within 250ms of a NHIT>= 60 hit event. In teh salt and NCD phase a cut of 150 hits on the precusor is used.As this cut breaks muon follower blindness this bit must not be tested until the collaboration decision to open the box has been made. For salt this box is now open, but the NCD box is still closed.

MISSED MUON FOLLOWER LONG

This cut is the companion to the missed muon follower short cut. It removes any event that occurs within 500ms of a trigger event event. As this cut breaks muon follower blindness this bit must not be tested until the collaboration decision to open the box has been made.

WILKERSON-ELLIOT BLINDNESS BIT

This bit is used to implement the Wilkerson-Elliot blindness scheme. The bit is NOT SET for events that CAN be analysed until the box is open. Blindness is compromised if a test on this bit is not implemented somewhere in your analysis chain. The scheme works by setting this bit for a randomly chosen fraction of events. The exact fraction of event is unknown but lies between 70 and 90%, leaving most studies with almost full statistics, but leaving any flux results blind. This box is now open for salt, but is still applied for NCDs, with a differnet unknown fraction with the same limits.

SHAPER BURST

This tag is the first of two NCD burst cuts. This works solely on shaper events. If there are 4 or more shaper events, with a shaper charge greater than 1 count, inside 100ms, the burst is removed.

MUX BURST

This tag is the second of two NCD burst cuts. This works solely on MUX events. If there are 4 or more MUX events inside 100ms, the burst is removed.

UPGOING MUON BLINDNESS BIT

This bit is used to implement the blindness scheme that has been proposed by the muon group. As for the WE tag the event is set for events that should not be analysed. You cut on this bit to build your data set. The scheme applies a zenith angle dependent acceptance based on the zenith angle measured by FTR. Above cos(theta)=0.6 the bit is set 1228/2048 of the time. Below cos(theta)=0.6 the acceptance is an unknown continuous function. The box is currently closed for all analyses.

REVERSE FORK CUT

This cut checks the logged scope trace of an event. If there are two peaks within 1000 ns and the size of both are larger than 5 bins and the size of the first peak is smaller than that the secon dpeak, this event is tagged as a reverse fork event.

FORK CUT

The cut checks the logged scope trace of an event. If there are two peaks within 1000 ns and the size of both are larger than 5 bins and the size of the first peak is larger than that of the second, this event is tagged as a fork event.

NCD OSCILLATORY NOISE

The cut checks the logged scope trace of an event. The baseline and the spread of the trace are determined by the last 2000 bins. If the spread is larger than 5, it is reset to 5. If it is smaller than 3, it is reset to 3. If the scope trace oscillates beyond the average minum the spread and the average plus 3 times the spread by more than 5 times, this events is tagged as an oscillatory noise event.

FLAT TRACE

The cut checks the logged scope trace of an event. If the difference between the minimum value and the average of the last 2000 bins is smaller than 3, this event is tagged as a flattrace event.

NARROW PULSE

The cut checks the logged scope trace of an event. If the FWHM (full width half maximum) of the signal peak is smaller than 250 ns, the event is tagged as a narrow pulse event.

RUN BOUNDARY

This tag events at the start and end of a run for which it is not clear that both PMT and NCD systems are running. The start of the run is defined by a point in time 1.1s after the first PGT or NCD event, which ever is later. The same is done at the end of the run except in reverse. One exception exists for the end of the run, is this point of time is before the end of the last subrun, the start if the last subrun is used as the defined point.

NCD PULSER

Events from the NCD random pulser appear on a separate NCD channel. This DAMN bit is used to identify these events and prevent accidental analysis of them.

SHAPER OVERFLOW

The shaper overflow cut search for shaper events with ADC value 2047. Such events are shaper overflow events. The events following a shaper overflow events within 15 us to 5 ms is tagged by the shaper overflow cut.

MUON NHIT BURST CUT

The Muon NHit Burst tag is set if four events over 250NHit occur within two seconds. Like other burst tags all events within the imposed dead time are cut, but events identified by the retrigger tag do not count towards the four events.

NCD MUX-SHAPER CORRELATION

The NCD correlation cut searches for pairs of shaper and mux events which are from the same string and the time interval between then are within a window (5-15 micro seconds by default and is adjustable in raa.dat). One status bit will be set in RAAR bank for both events. NECL banks will be lifted under EV banks of both events to store the correlated shaper charge and the time interval between two events.

NCD CORRELATION TIME

The NCD correlation time cut checks the time interval between a pair of correlated shaper and scope events. If the time interval is smaller than a threshold (default at 8.3) micro seconds and is adjustable in filter_flth.dat), the events will fail this cut. This cut is potentially useful to remove some "Seattle" events.

MULTI NCD

The multi NCD cut checks how many NCD events (shaper and mux) are in one SNOMAN event. If there are more than one NCD events, the SNOMAN event will fail this cut. It is expected that very few event should fail this cut.

MUON HIT ALL CRATES

This tag is set when there is not at least one hit in every crate in the detector. It will be used by the muon group to reject events that occur when a crate has tripped off.

Third Reflection Cut

This tag is set when there is so-called third reflection on the tail of NCD scope trace. This is a feature of fork events.

Multiple Large Peak

This tag is set when there are 4 or more large peaks in NCD scope trace.

NCD Positive Signal

This tag is set when the amplitude of positive peak on NCD trace is larger than 20.

NCD FREQ-DOMAIN FLATNESS CUT

The flatness cut removes events with very little power in the lowest non-zero frequency bin of the waveform power spectrum. This is a good indicator of the presence of a significant pulse in the waveform.

NCD FREQ-DOMAIN FORK CUT

The fork cut removes events with a peak in the power spectrum around 12MHz. This corresponds to the frequency associated with fork events.

NCD SPIKE AREA CUT

The spike cut removes events which have a larger deviation in the maximum height of a waveform compared with it's area. This is a good indication of a large spike in a waveform, or other oddly shaped waveforms.

NCD FREQ-DOMAIN SYMMETRY CUT

The sym cut removes events which have a non characteristic zero frequency intercept of the phase of the fourier transform of the waveform. This is a good indicator that the waveform has a unusual symmetry.

NCD FREQ-DOMAIN OSCILLATION CUT

The oscillation cut removes events with large power at low frequency. This is a good indicator of oscillations but also removes spikes.

NCD NRE PULSE TAG CUT

The NRE bit flags the NRE calibration waveforms, which are used to look for RCD conditions.

NCD GENERAL RECORD CUT

The NCD General Record (NGR) are the events with both shaper and mux trigger. The NGR cut tags those events and all the events 30ms before and 5 ms after those NGR events. The code of this cut also calculated the dead time due to this cut.
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