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gsl error
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delta rays
This commit introduces a new method for integrating over the particle track to
calculate the number of shower and delta ray photons expected at each PMT. The
reason for introducing a new method was that the previous method of just using
the trapezoidal rule was both inaccurate and not stable. By inaccurate I mean
that the trapezoidal rule was not producing a very good estimate of the true
integral and by not stable I mean that small changes in the fit parameters
(like theta and phi) could produce wildly different results. This meant that
the likelihood function was very noisy and was causing the minimizers to not be
able to find the global minimum.
The new integration method works *much* better than the trapezoidal rule for
the specific functions we are dealing with. The problem is essentially to
integrate the product of two functions over some interval, one of which is very
"peaky", i.e. we want to find:
\int f(x) g(x) dx
where f(x) is peaked around some region and g(x) is relatively smooth. For our
case, f(x) represents the angular distribution of the Cerenkov light and g(x)
represents the factors like solid angle, absorption, etc.
The technique I discovered was that you can approximate this integral via a
discrete sum:
constant \sum_i g(x_i)
where the x_i are chosen to have equal spacing along the range of the integral
of f(x), i.e.
x_i = F^(-1)(i*constant)
This new method produces likelihood functions which are *much* more smooth and
accurate than previously.
In addition, there are a few other fixes in this commit:
- switch from specifying a step size for the shower integration to a number of
points, i.e. dx_shower -> number of shower points
- only integrate to the PSUP
I realized that previously we were integrating to the end of the track even
if the particle left the PSUP, and that there was no code to deal with the
fact that light emitted beyond the PSUP can't make it back to the PMTs.
- only integrate to the Cerenkov threshold
When integrating over the particle track to calculate the expected number
of direct Cerenkov photons, we now only integrate the track up to the point
where the particle's velocity is 1/index. This should hopefully make the
likelihood smoother because previously the estimate would depend on exactly
whether the points we sampled the track were above or below this point.
- add a minimum theta0 value based on the angular width of the PMT
When calculating the expected number of Cerenkov photons we assumed that
the angular distribution was constant over the whole PMT. This is a bad
assumption when the particle is very close to the PMT. Really we should
average the function over all the angles of the PMT, but that would be too
computationally expensive so instead we just calculate a minimum theta0
value which depends on the distance and angle to the PMT. This seems to
make the likelihood much smoother for particles near the PSUP.
- add a factor of sin(theta) when checking if we can skip calculating the
charge in get_expected_charge()
- fix a nan in beta_root() when the momentum is negative
- update PSUP_RADIUS from 800 cm -> 840 cm
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This commit updates the test-find-peaks script to plot Cerenkov rings for each
of the peaks. It also updates the script to use quad to find the position
instead of using the MC information. Finally, I added a -n argument to the
script to specify how many peaks to draw.
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This commit updates the code to calculate the number of Cerenkov photons from
secondary particles produced in an electromagnetic shower from electrons to use
an energy dependent formula I fit to data simulated with RAT-PAC.
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This commit updates the charge likelihood calculation to calculate:
P(hit,q|n) = P(q|hit,n)*P(hit|n)
This has almost no effect on the fit results, but is technically correct.
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This commit updates the optics code to calculate the rayleigh scattering length
using the Einstein-Smoluchowski formula instead of using the effective rayleigh
scattering lengths from the RSPR bank.
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Thanks clang!
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Previously I was calculating the expected number of delta ray photons when
integrating over the shower path, but since the delta rays are produced along
the particle path and not further out like the shower photons, this wasn't
correct. The normalization of the probability distribution for the photons
produced along the path was also not handled correctly.
This commit adds a new function called integrate_path_delta_ray() to compute
the expected number of photons from delta rays hitting each PMT. Currently this
means that the likelihood function for muons will be significantly slower than
previously, but hopefully I can speed it up again in the future (for example by
skipping the shower calculation which is negligible for lower energy muons).
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This commit speeds up the likelihood function by integrating the charge along
the track inline instead of creating an array and then calling trapz(). It also
introduces two global variables avg_index_d2o and avg_index_h2o which are the
average indices of refraction for D2O and H2O weighted by the PMT quantum
efficiency and the Cerenkov spectrum.
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This commit speeds up the likelihood calculation by eliminating most calls to
acos(). This is done by updating the PMT response lookup tables to be as a
function of the cosine of the angle between the photon and the PMT normal
instead of the angle itself.
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Previously I was computing the fraction of light absorbed and scattered by
calculating an average absorption and scattering length weighted by the
Cerenkov spectrum and the PMT quantum efficiency, which isn't correct since we
should be averaging the absorption and scattering probabilities, not the
absorption and scattering lengths.
This commit fixes this by instead computing the average probability that a
photon is absorbed or scattered as a function of the distance travelled by
integrating the absorption and scattering probabilities over all wavelengths
weighted by the PMT quantum efficiency and the Cerenkov spectrum.
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Based on some initial testing it seems that the subplex minimization algorithm
performs *much* better than BOBYQA for multi-particle fits. It is also a bit
slower, so I will probably have to figure out how to speed things up.
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To enable the fitter to run outside of the src directory, I created a new
function open_file() which works exactly like fopen() except that it searches
for the file in both the current working directory and the path specified by an
environment variable.
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In the processed zdab files (the SNOCR_* files), the first logical record just
has a run header bank and no EV bank.
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This is so that in the future if we only integrate over the path in the PSUP we
don't overestimate the Cerenkov light from delta rays.
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This seems to speed things up a little bit.
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Previously the find peaks algorithm would ignore any PMT hits within the
Cerenkov ring of previously found rings. This had the problem that occasionally
the algorithm would repeatedly find the same direction due to hits outside of
the Cerenkov cone. The new update was inspired by how SuperK does this and
instead we "subtract" off the previous rings by subtracting the average qhs
times e^(-cos(theta-1/n)/0.1) from each PMT for each previous ring.
Based on some quick testing this seems a lot better than the previous
algorithm, but still probably needs some tweaking.
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This commit updates the likelihood function to take into account Cerenkov light
produced from delta rays produced by muons. The angular distribution of this
light is currently assumed to be constant along the track and parameterized in
the same way as the Cerenkov light from an electromagnetic shower. Currently I
assume the light is produced uniformly along the track which isn't exactly
correct, but should be good enough.
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